【】d</p>

torenderanysortofdefenceagainstthisterribleene.</p>

itheyear1224thatthefirstgreattartarinvasion</p>

tookpladthatthehordesofjenghizkhan,thenqueror</p>

ofadetheirfirst</p>

appearaheiesennear</p>

thekalkariverandrussiaerongolians.</p>

justassuddenlyastheyhadetheydisappeared.</p>

thirteenyearslater,in1eyretued.inless</p>

thanfiveyearstheynqueredeverypartofthevastrussian</p>

plains.untiltheyear1380itrydonskoi,grand</p>

dukeofsontheplainsofkulikovo,the</p>

tartarsastersoftherussianpeople.</p>

allinall,ittooktherussiansturiestodeliver</p>

theelvesfrohisyoke.forayokeitost</p>

offensiveandobjeableouedtheslavicpeasants</p>

intoserableslaves.norussianuldhopetosurviveun</p>

lessheanwho</p>

satisoheheartofthesteppesofsouthe</p>

russiaandspatathiitdeprivedthessofthepeopleof</p>

allfeelingofhonourandindependedehungerand</p>

seryandltreatntandpersonalabusethenorlstate</p>

ofhueilatlasttheaveragerussian,werehe</p>

peasantooblen,abouthisbusinesslikeaed</p>

dogensooftenthathisspirithasbeenbroken</p>

andhedarenotission.</p>

thereenofthetartarkhan</p>

erciless.theendlessprairiedidnotgivea</p>

narossintothesafeterritoryofhisneighbour.</p>

hestkeepquietandbearasterdecided</p>

toinfliorruntheriskofdeath.ofurse,europe</p>

ghthaveinterfered.buteuropewasengageduponbusiness</p>

ofitsoingthequarrelsbethepopeand</p>

theeerororsuppressingthisorthatortheotherheresy.</p>

andsoeuropelefttheslavtohisfate,andforcedhio</p>

hisoion.</p>

thefinalsaviourofrussiaanysllstates,</p>

fouheearlynorserulers.ituatedintheheart</p>

oftherussianplain.itscapital,seep</p>

hillonthe,</p>

bydintofpleasiaro</p>

please,andopposinghidoso,had,</p>

duringtheddleofthefourteeurydeitselfthe</p>

leaderofabereeredthatthe</p>

tartarsinnstructivepoliticalability.</p>

theyuldoroy.theirchiefainnqueringnew</p>

territoriesoobtainreveogetthisrevehe</p>

forftaxes,itnantsof</p>

theoldpoliticalanizationtontinue.heherewere</p>

nylittletohegraceofthegreatkhan,</p>

thattheyghtactastaxgatherersandrobtheieighbours</p>

forthebeofthetartartreasury.</p>

thestateofsattheexpehe</p>

surroundiory,finallybecastrongenoughtorisk</p>

openrebellionagainstitssters,thetartars.itcessful</p>

anditsfaastheleaderinthecauseofrussianindependence</p>

deshenaturaltreforallthosewho</p>

stillbelievedierfuturefortheslavicratheyear</p>